The Cologne Dom, also known as the Cologne Cathedral, is black due to the effects of air pollution and weather over time. The stones the cathedral is made from are naturally light gray. However, the sulphur dioxide in the air during the industrialization period, mixed with rain, formed a mild sulfuric acid that caused the stones to darken. This process, over centuries, turned the stones nearly black. Even though regular cleaning processes are used on the cathedral’s facade, the darkening effect cannot be totally reversed, and therefore, it retains its distinctive black color.
Why Is the Cologne Dome Black?
This dark coloring has become so iconic that it’s become one of the citys most treasured landmarks. While initially thought to be a result of pollution, it was later discovered that the black hue is actually due to the natural aging process of the building materials.
The Cathedral is made from a type of limestone called “Frankischer Jura,” which is a porous rock that easily absorbs pollutants. Over time, as the stone absorbs outside pollutants, a dark patina forms on the exterior, creating the domes signature black appearance. While many people may view the black discoloration as a negative aesthetic feature, it’s actually a testament to the Cologne Cathedrals ancient history.
The Cathedral is a popular tourist destination in Germany, attracting millions of visitors every year. In order to preserve the structure for future generations, cleansing and restoration work has been ongoing for many years. However, even with regular maintenance, the patina will naturally reform over time. This has led to debates over whether to attempt to maintain the black patina or to allow it to continue to naturally age, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of preservation efforts.
In addition to the external discoloration, the Cologne Cathedral also boasts a rich and storied history, spanning over seven centuries. The Gothic style architecture, intricate detailing and impressive scale make it one of the most impressive structures in all of Europe. As such, it’s been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, cementing it’s place in history. Visitors to the Cathedral can explore the interior, which features stunning stained glass windows, intricate artwork, and ornate furnishings.
The limestone material of the structure allows for easy absorption of outside elements, leading to the signature black patina. Despite ongoing preservation efforts, the patina will continue to reform naturally, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of preservation efforts.
The History and Construction of the Cologne Cathedral
The Cologne Cathedral is a historic religious site located in Cologne, Germany. It’s construction began in 1248 and finished over six centuries later in 1880. The cathedral’s Gothic architecture, intricate designs, and extensive use of stained glass make it a unique feat of engineering and artistry. It’s construction was hampered by natural disasters, wars, and funding issues, but it remains a symbolic and cultural landmark of the city of Cologne.
Apart from the Cologne Cathedral, this city has many other fascinating things to offer. From it’s rich history to it’s vibrant nightlife, Cologne has a lot of reasons to be famous. Let’s delve deeper into what else makes Cologne an iconic city in Germany.
What Makes Cologne Famous?
The cathedral dates back to the 13th century and it’s construction spanned over several centuries. It’s Gothic architecture style is marvelously detailed and the stained-glass windows are breathtakingly beautiful. Every year in August, the cathedral becomes the center of attraction during the Kölner Lichter event, where the entire cathedral is illuminated in a stunning display of lights and fireworks, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world.
Cologne is also famous for it’s beer culture, with numerous breweries and beer halls scattered throughout the city. A popular beer is the Kölsch, which is a light beer served in small glasses called “Stangen,” and is often enjoyed during the annual Cologne Carnival festivities. The Carnival is a week-long celebration that occurs before Lent where many locals dress up in colorful costumes and take part in parades, parties, and street celebrations. The Carnival is second in size only to the Rio de Janeiro Carnival, and attracts millions of visitors to the city each year.
Cologne is also known for it’s chocolate, specifically the Lindt Chocolate Museum. The museum offers visitors an insight into the history and production of chocolate, and houses an impressive collection of chocolate sculptures. Lindt also has their flagship store located in Cologne, where visitors can taste and purchase a wide range of chocolate products.
Numerous fashion events take place throughout the year, including the annual Modezone fashion trade fair. Cologne also boasts several internationally renowned fashion designers and boutiques, making it a must-visit destination for those interested in the fashion industry.
Finally, Cologne is known for it’s rich history and abundance of art galleries and museums. The city’s history dates back to the Roman Empire, and it’s museums are home to an impressive collection of art and artifacts from different periods of time. The Museum Ludwig houses one of the largest collections of modern art in Europe and is a must-visit for any art lover. Other museums of interest include the Romano-Germanic Museum, which houses artifacts from the Roman Period, and the Wallraf-Richartz Museum, which houses an extensive collection of paintings and sculptures.
It’s a city that’s worth visiting for it’s many attractions and it’s vibrant and lively atmosphere.
Conclusion
Moreover, natural weathering, including the effects of rain and wind, have also contributed to the gradual darkening of the church's exterior. The unique and striking appearance of the blackened Cathedral stands as a testament to the impact of industrialization on historic structures and the importance of preserving our cultural heritage. The centuries-old Cologne Cathedral, with it’s blackened exterior, remains an iconic landmark and a symbol of perseverance in the face of time and change.
